Several countries, including Ghana and Vietnam, are at various implementation stages and while much response is positive, there remain issues of population coverage and out-of-pocket expenses in Ghana and capitation payments and hospital operational autonomy in Vietnam. noted the different stages in developing and implementing UHC with a goal being the coverage obtained after many years in mature economies such as France and Japan. In their case study of 11 countries, Maeda et al. But the WHO and the World Bank see financial protection, service sustainability and equity as defining features. īeyond generating attention globally and nationally, UHC has also been set as a possible umbrella goal for health in the post-2015 development agenda.
Currently, UHC is at the center of current efforts to strengthen health systems and improve the level and distribution of health and health services. It has emerged as a silver bullet solution to health care needs in low and middle income countries. There is a growing enthusiasm for universal health coverage (UHC) at global and national levels. Yet ideological and practical issues make its achievement problematic. We conclude that in South Africa the DHS is pivotal to health reform and UHC may be best achieved through minimal universal coverage with positive discrimination to ensure disparities across districts in relation to disease burden, human resources, financing and investment, administration and management capacity, service readiness and availability and the health access inequalities are consciously implicated.
The disparities across districts in relation to health profiles/demographics, health delivery performance, management of health institutions or district management capacity, income levels/socio-economic status and social determinants of health, compliance with quality standards and above all the burden of disease can only be minimised through positive discrimination by paying more attention to underserved and disadavantaged communities. Review of data from the NHI pilot districts suggests that as South Africa embarks on reforms toward UHC, there is a need for a minimal universal coverage and emphasis on district particularity and positive discrimination so as to bridge health inequities. We utilize a review of relevant documents, conducted between September 2014 and December 2015 of district health systems (DHS) and UHC and their ideological underpinnings, to explore the opportunities and challenges, of the district health system in achieving UHC in South Africa. This will be practically achieved through a decentralized approach, the district health system, the main vehicle for delivering services since democracy. South Africa is currently reforming its health system with UHC through developing a national health insurance (NHI) program. Throughout the world, however, the paths of countries to UHC have differed. It is viewed as a solution to health care needs in low and middle countries with growing enthusiasm at both national and global levels. If you weren't enrolled in any health coverage for only part of 2017, or other family members had different coverage, visit the relevant pages below.Universal Health Coverage (UHC) has emerged as a major goal for health care delivery in the post-2015 development agenda. Form 8965 – Health Coverage Exemptions (PDF, 70 KB) and Form 8965 Instructions (PDF, 487 KB).Form 1040EZ, Income Tax Return for Single and Joint Filers With No Dependents (PDF, 115 KB) and Form 1040EZ instructions (PDF, 2.8 MB).Individual Income Tax Return (PDF, 138 KB) and Form 1040A instructions (PDF, 2.5 MB) Individual Income Tax Return (PDF, 147 KB) and Form 1040 instructions (PDF, 4.1 MB)
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